Go - Short Variable Declaration

Go provides a shorthand syntax for declaring and initializing variables using the := operator:

• The short assignment statement := can be used instead of a var declaration
• Short variable declarations may appear only inside functions
• They can be used to declare local temporary variables
• Constants cannot be declared using this syntax

func main() {
  // Declare and initialize variables inside a function.
  name := "John"
  age := 20
  // Multiple variables may be declared and initialized in the same declaration.
  i, j := 0, 1
}

Short variable declarations may appear in some contexts such as the initializers for if, for or switch statements:

func main() {
  for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
    // ...
  }
  if err := f(); err != nil {
    // ...
  }
  switch x := f(); x {
    // ...
  }
}

A short variable declaration may act like an assignment only to variables that were already declared in the same block with the same type:

func main() {
  f1, err := os.Open("file1")
  f2, err := os.Open("file2") // reassign to "err"
}

A short variable declaration must declare at least 1 new variable:

func main() {
  // This code will not compile.
  f, err := os.Open("file1")
  f, err := os.Open("file2") // error: no new variables on left side of :=
}